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====== Ubuntu 18.04, SciProg, AMC, V002 ======

:!: Image name: **UB_18.04_EE_SciProg_AMC_2020-04-19_V002_rb** 

Created for the Summer Semester 2020, the Corona Semester



===== Description =====

Ubuntu 18.04 Desktop Image to support the courses **Scientific Programming** (SciProg) and **Applied Measurement and Control** (AMC) of the 'Environment and Energy' study program at the Rhine-Waal University of Applied Sciences. Maintained by R. Becker (2020-04-18)

Most significant features installed:

^ Feature                    ^  for SciProg  ^  for AMC  ^
| Anaconda3 Python Suite     |  x            |           |
| Arduino IDE                |               |  x        |
| Thonny Phython Editor      |               |  x        |
| git client                 |  x            |  x        |
| US and DE keyboard layout  |  x            |  x        |


Created for the Summer Semester 2020, the Corona Semester

===== Download Binary Image from FTP Server =====

**Download (4.5 GB) [[ftp://teawiki.net/pub/UB_18.04_EE_SciProg_AMC_2020-04-19_V002_rb.ova|UB_18.04_EE_SciProg_AMC_2020-04-18_V002_rb.ova]]**

**Credentials for the Linux VM:**\\
:!: Username: ''studi'' \\
:!: Password: ''linux123''

This Linux image can be started with the virtual machine [[https://www.virtualbox.org/|VirtualBox]].


====== How it was built ======

For transparency we explain how we built it. 
===== Install VirtualBox =====

Download VirtualBox directly for your host operating system (the operating system on your computer, e.g. Windows or Mac OS) from **https://www.virtualbox.org/** 

===== Install Vagrant =====
===== Use Vagrant to Pull the Basic Ubuntu Image =====

Adapting the automatic screen resolution with the official Ubuntu 18.04 image running on VirtualBox VM is a problem. Also copy-paste between Windows and the Ubuntu VM sometimes does not work.

The easiest way for me is to use a vagrant Ubuntu Desktop image provided by the user "peru": https://app.vagrantup.com/peru/boxes/ubuntu-18.04-desktop-amd64

It already provides several features which make life easier (some mentioned above).

Install Vagrant on your local machine.

Create a meaningful directory, e.g. ''my-ubuntu''. 

Download the vagrant file below into ''my-ubuntu'' by clicking on the link above the code text.

<file txt vagrantfile>
Vagrant.configure("2") do |config|
  config.vm.box = "peru/ubuntu-18.04-desktop-amd64"
  config.vm.box_version = "20200401.01"
end
</file>

Open a command line interface (CLI) such as Windows ''cmd'' in the directory ''my-ubuntu''. If you type ''dir'' you should see the file ''vagrantfile''. 

On the command line execute ''vagrant up''. This will pull the Ubuntu Desktop image named in the Vagrant file. 

This will start the Ubuntu image in the VirtualBox VM. 

====== Changes in the VM ======

===== Upgrade the Installed Software =====

:!: Log in with vagrant / vagrant

<code>
sudo apt update
sudo upgrade update
</code>

Additional software

<code>
sudo apt install curl
</code>
===== Additional Keyboard Layouts =====

:!: Log in with vagrant / vagrant

The default keyboard layout is **English** ''en''. Use the "Settings" App (the gear symbol) to add additional keyboard layouts. You should install at least **German (no dead keys)**. In languages like French with accents above vowels dead keys are used to modify letters, e.g. with a dead key layout pressing ''`'' followed by ''a'' yields ''à''. In plain German it is annoying to be forced to press two keys, namely an accent followed by a black, to get the accent only. The modifier ''no-dead-keys'' eliminates this behavior. If an accent key is pressed the accent is typed immediately.

After adding more layouts a keyboard selection dropdown menu occurs on the top right of the desktop. Choose your appropriate layout (e.g. en or de).

===== Add User studi =====

:!: Log in with vagrant / vagrant

Execute ''sudo adduser studi''

Choose the password ''linux123'' and user name ''studi''. Leave the other fields empty.

Endow the user ''studi'' with comprehensive rights by adding him or her to the relevant user groups:

''sudo usermod -a -G sudo,dialout,adm,cdrom,dip,plugdev,lpadmin,sambashare studi''

===== Thonny =====

:!: Log in with studi / linux123

Thonny is a light weight Python editor for beginners: https://thonny.org/

The Thonny version in the Ubuntu 18.04 Software Center is too old. \\ There are several ways to **install the latest version of Thonny**, e.g.:
  - Download the latest Thonny bash installation script and execute with bash: ''sh thonny-3.2.7.bash''
  - If Python3 is installed (e.g. as part of Anaconda3) you can execute: ''pip install thonny''

<code>
bash <(curl -s https://thonny.org/installer-for-linux)
</code>

===== Arduino =====

:!: Log in with studi / linux123

Source: https://www.arduino.cc/en/guide/linux

Download the latest Arduino installer package (e.g. Linux 64 Bits) from https://www.arduino.cc/en/Main/Software

Unpack the archive by right clicking and selecting "unpack" (not just change into the still compressed archive). Change into the directory and execute install.sh as root, e.g. in a terminal ''sudo ./install.sh''
===== Install Anaconda3 Python Distribution for User studi =====

:!: Log in with studi / linux123

Source: https://docs.anaconda.com/anaconda/install/linux/

<code>
# On Debian based systems:
sudo apt-get install libgl1-mesa-glx libegl1-mesa libxrandr2 libxrandr2 libxss1 libxcursor1 libxcomposite1 libasound2 libxi6 libxtst6
</code>

In your browser go to https://www.anaconda.com/distribution and choose **Linux Distribution**.

Download the **lastest Linux installer**! Currently (2020-04-17) it is: \\ 
https://repo.anaconda.com/archive/Anaconda3-2020.02-Linux-x86_64.sh

You can also use the command ''wget'' is a Linux terminal to download the installer. Open a terminal in the Linux VM pressing ''<Ctrl>-<Alt>-T''

<code>
cd ~/Downloads

wget https://repo.anaconda.com/archive/Anaconda3-2020.02-Linux-x86_64.sh

sh ./Anaconda3-2020.02-Linux-x86_64.sh
</code>

  - Read and accept the license and answer with **yes**. 
  - Accept the default installation directory ''/home/studi/Anaconda3'': answer with **yes**
  - Refuse the installer to modify your shell scripts to start an environment: answer with **no**.


This will install the Anaconda3 Python distribution into the location ''/home/studi/anaconda3''


The final remarks by the installer:

<code>
You have chosen to not have conda modify your shell scripts at all.
To activate conda's base environment in your current shell session:

eval "$(/home/studi/anaconda3/bin/conda shell.YOUR_SHELL_NAME hook)" 

To install conda's shell functions for easier access, first activate, then:

conda init

If you'd prefer that conda's base environment not be activated on startup, 
   set the auto_activate_base parameter to false: 

conda config --set auto_activate_base false

Thank you for installing Anaconda3!

===========================================================================

Anaconda and JetBrains are working together to bring you Anaconda-powered
environments tightly integrated in the PyCharm IDE.

PyCharm for Anaconda is available at:
https://www.anaconda.com/pycharm
</code>
==== Conda Environment ====

:!: If you chose "activate conda environment" during anaconda3 installation it modifies the command line prompt, i.e. \\ ''(base) studi@linux:~$ ''

See: https://askubuntu.com/questions/1026383/why-does-base-appear-in-front-of-my-terminal-prompt

==== Anaconda Desktop Button ====

Download the file below by clicking on ''anaconda.desktop'' and move it into the right folder: \\
''mv anaconda.desktop $HOME/.local/applications/anaconda.desktop''

<file bash anaconda.desktop>
[Desktop Entry]
Version=1.0
Type=Application
Name=Anaconda-Navigator
GenericName=Anaconda
Comment=Scientific Python Development Environment - Python3
Exec=bash -c 'export PATH="${HOME}/studi/anaconda3/bin:$PATH" && ${HOME}/anaconda3/bin/anaconda-navigator'
Categories=Development;Science;IDE;Qt;Education;
#rb: ${HOME} is not evaluated in Icon: Icon=${HOME}/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/[...]/anaconda-icon-256x256.png 
Icon=/home/studi/anaconda3/lib/python3.7/site-packages/anaconda_navigator/static/images/anaconda-icon-256x256.png
Terminal=false
StartupNotify=true
MimeType=text/x-python;
</file>
===== Chromium Browser =====

Source: https://wiki.ubuntuusers.de/Chromium/Installation/

<code>
sudo apt-get install chromium-browser chromium-browser-l10n chromium-codecs-ffmpeg 
sudo apt-get install chromium-codecs-ffmpeg-extra 
</code>

===== Git Client =====

<code>
suto apt install git
</code>